《行政许可法》对地方立法的影响

行政许可法颁布和施行的意义不仅仅局限于行政法治这一领域,而且以独特的视角为地方立法今后的发展提供了难得的参考。在地方立法理念上的变化体现为:平衡公益和私益,追求效益,立法应务实创新;对地方立法体制及立法技术的影响表现为:地方对行政许可设定具有很强的局限性,地方立法主体需重新认识和定位,注重以立法事项的性质确定立法主体,在权限上既赋予地方一定的专有立法权,同时对地方立法权进行一些具体的禁止作为补充,健全地方立法的具体内容,完善地方立法技术。即便如此,行政许可法仍对地方立法可能造成以下负面影响:首先是借行政许可法留下的可观的立法空间,扩大地方立法权;其次是由于行政审批改革与立法同步,立法中部门利益将会反弹。

The Impact of Administrative License Act upon Local Laws

The Enactment and Implementation of the Administrative License Act does not only mean a great deal to the field of governance by administrative law, it also furnishes a rare reference for the making of local laws from a unique perspective in the future. While making local laws, people have changed their ideas to seek the balancing of public and individual interests, efficiency, and the applicability and novelty of laws. The local legislative system and techniques are so influenced by the Act that local governments are limited to providing for administrative licenses. The concept and status of local law- making bodies need to be redefined. It is the nature of subject matters that determines who will be lawmakers. While some local legislative authority is specifically prohibited or supplemented, certain exclusive legislative powers are delegated to local governments. The content of local laws and techniques of making of the laws have improved. Even so, the Act may still inflict some adverse effects upon local law. First, local governments may extend their legislative powers by taking advantage of the gaps left by the Act. Secondly, because the reform of administrative audit keeps pace with legislative process, departments may try to satisfy their own interests in the process.