民事诉讼中证明负担减轻的全景式解读

民事诉讼中确立证明责任分配的一般准则是以罗森贝克的法律要件分类说为基础的“规范说”,但一般准则在个案中可能带来实质的非正义,因为在民事诉讼中存在证据偏在与武器不对等的问题,这在现代型诉讼中尤为突出．为此,必须在一般标准之外设置减轻证明负担的具体技术,以维护当事人之间的实质公平。这些证明负担减轻技术具体包括,证明责任之转换、推定、证明妨碍、证明标准降低等。我国未来民事诉讼法修改也应该注重设置证明负担减轻技术,保障实质正义的实现。

An Outlook on the Reduce of the Burden of Proof in Civil Proceeding

the general guideline of allocation of the burden of proof in civil proceedings to establish is legal regulations theory,which is based on Rosenberg’s legal elements of classification theory.But the general guidelines in the case may bring about substantial injustice.Because the evidence may be controlled in the side of the party and thus their arms are unequal,which is particularly prominent in the modern type of litigation.So some specific technical must be set to reduce the burden of proof,including the conversion of burden of proof,presumption,spoliation of evidence,lower standard of proof,Our Code of Civil Procedure also should set these specific technical,and guarantee the realization of substantive justice.