漫谈海洋污染的民事责任和刑事责任

简单介绍国际社会关于油轮溢油、燃油溢油及运输有毒有害物质致海洋污染损害的民事责任与赔偿方面的立法努力以及区域性组织等加强船源污染刑事责任方面的立法，认为对海洋污染实行更苛刻的民事责任制度，设立更高的赔偿责任限额或者干脆取消限额，进行更多的刑事立法等是不可取的，指出规制海洋污染必须体现国际性，并最大限度地避免区域性立法。

Some ideas on civil liability and criminal liability of marine pollution

The paper introduces briefly the efforts of civil liability and compensation legislation on the tanker oil spills, fuel spills and transport of toxic substances harmful to marine pollution damage taken by international community, as well as such efforts taken by some regional organizations to strengthen the criminal aspects of ship-source pollution legislation. The paper considers it is not necessarily the right way to adopt more and stricter regulations, proposals for stricter rules on civil liability and higher compensation limits or no limits at all, and to demand for more criminalization in the field of marine pollution. When issues relating to civil and criminal liabilities for marine pollution are considered by policy makers and legislators, the international aspect and the need for international uniformity should be taken into account so as to avoid, to the extent possible, a regionalization of maritime law in this important field.