诉讼系属法院理论对我国刑事一事不再理原则的理论建构

一事不再理原则起源于古罗马的＂一案不二讼＂,后发展成既判力理论与禁止双重危险理论。既判力理论确立的一事不再理原则在确保法院裁判的终局性,在维护法院的司法权威,提高司法效率方面发挥了相当的作用。但其无法解决在案件得到法院终局裁定前,控方的重复起诉问题。禁止双重危险理论从禁止被告遭受两次痛苦角度,来禁止控方的双重起诉,确立一事不再理原则。其在制约控诉机关诉权的行使,有力保障被告人人权方面作用显著。但＂危险＂难以界定。而诉讼系属理论却能解决确定判决以前的重复追究问题,且具有相当的确定性,与大陆法国家的法律文化与制度相适应。我国应当以既判力理论与诉讼系属理论为理论基础,在理论上建构刑事一事不再理原则。

On the Construction of China Non Bis In Idem Theory upon the Litigation Dependency

The principle of Non Bis In Idem originated from the Roman law, and later it was developed into the theories of Res Judicata and Non-double Jeopardy. The principle of Non Bis In Idem establishing upon the theory of Res Jusicata plays a very important role to ensure the court finial judgment and the judicative efficiency, but it can＇t solve the problem of the re-prosecution from the accuser before the final ruling is reached. The theory of non-double jeopardy is to prevent the re-prosecution and establish the Non Bis In Idem for consideration of avoiding the defendant from suffering the double prosecution. It achieves significant effects in restricting the rights of prosecutor and greatly safeguarding the rights of defendants. But what does it mean by Jeopardy？ The litigation dependency theory can solve the re-prosecution before the final judgment and it is adapt to the legal culture and system in Continental Law countries. We should establish the principles of Non Bis In Idem and systems based upon the theory of Res Judicata and litigation dependency.