俄罗斯的秘密侦查制度

俄罗斯的秘密侦查长期以来没有法律规范,导致公民权益时常受到侵犯,为了落实与体现1993年俄罗斯新宪法规范的精神,以及协调打击犯罪与人权保障之间的关系,2002年5月29日,俄罗斯国家杜马对《俄罗斯联邦刑事诉讼法典》作了20多次修订和增补。其中第58号法律增订了第185条第2款、第186条,终于规定了邮件检查和司法监听这两种秘密侦查制度。从此以后俄罗斯执法机构实施邮件检查与司法监听等秘密侦查行为开始具备了法律上的依据。俄罗斯秘密侦查立法的特色是：构建了秘密侦查的程序性制裁机制;加强了司法审查机制对秘密侦查的控制力度。

On Russia Secret Investigation System

Russia secret investigation has not been made in legal norm, causing the civil rights are often infringed. For the implement and embodiment of the 1993 new Russian constitution spirits, as well as the coordination the relationship between combating crime and protecting human rights, in May 29, 2002, the Russian State Duma had revised and supplemented the ＂Russian Federal Criminal Procedure Code ＂ for 20 times, in which the fifty-eighth Law supplemented the second article in 185th and 186th, eventually the two kinds of secret investigation system for mail checking and judicial monitoring had been provided. From then on, the secret investigation actions in mail checking and judicial monitoring have had a legal accordance for Russian law enforcement. The Russian characteristics are to build up the secret investigation of procedural sanction mechanism and to strengthen the control of mechanism of judicial reviewing mechanism to the secret investigation.