民法典时代的经济法体系构造——兼论《经济法通则》的结构

我国民法典的制定历时60余载,期间几经起落沉浮,可以说是我国社会主义法治建设历程的“标本”。随着民法典的定型,我国社会主义市场经济体系将进入国家治理的法典化时代。与此同时,与民事立法齐头并进的经济法也面临着对既有单行法体系化整合的任务,以解决“经济法是个筐,什么法都能装”的窘境。从经济体制改革以来民法与经济法立法的演进轨迹看,民法的法典化之所以相对容易,是因为民法具有明显的法律移植属性,并存在可资借鉴的大陆法系成文民法典,而经济法的法典化纯粹是首创,其难度可想而知。民法典之后,与社会主义市场经济密切相关的其他重要法律部门的法典化,是完善中国特色社会主义法治体系的必由之路。对经济法而言,如果短时间内难以成典,则可以采用逐步推进的方法,首要任务是从理论上完善经济法的体系结构,增强经济法体系结构的科学化、体系化和逻辑自洽性,使经济法立法与民事立法等相互衔接、相互协调,进一步完善我国的法治体系。

Systematic Structure of Economic Law in the Era of Chinese Civil Code:on the Structure of the General Principles of Economic Law

The formulation of the Chinese Civil Code lasted for more than 60 years.It can be said that it is the“specimen”of rule of law in China.With the stereotype of the Civil Code,China's socialist market economy system will enter the era of codification of governance.At the same time,the economic law that goes hand in hand with civil legislation is also faced with the task of systematically integrating the existing one-way law to solve the dilemma of“economic law is a basket and everything can be installed”.From the evolution track of civil law and economic law legislation since the economic system reform,the codification of civil law is relatively easy.It is because the civil law has obvious legal transplant attributes and its reference to the civil law system.But the codification of economic law is purely a kind of initiative,and its difficulty can be imagined.After the Civil Code,the codification of other important legal departments closely related to the socialist market economy is the only way to improve the socialist rule of law system with Chinese characteristics.For economic law,if it is difficult to form a code in a short period of time,it can be gradually promoted.The primary task is to theoretically improve the economic law system and enhance the scientific,systematic and logical self-consistency of the economic law system,and to make economic law legislation and civil legislation co-ordinate and coordinate with each other to further improve China's rule of law system.