民法典视阈内宅基地使用权继承规则之构造

宅基地使用权应当被构造为可供继承之财产。宅基地使用权主体并非农户,而是作为自然人的农村居民。宅基地使用权既可为户主单独所有,亦可为户内全体家庭成员或者部分家庭成员共有。宅基地使用权人的继承人可以继承宅基地使用权或者宅基地使用权的权利份额。不过,根据《土地管理法》第62条所规定之"一户一宅"原则,继承人不得通过继承取得两项及以上宅基地使用权,亦不可借由宅基地使用权份额之继承而使其宅基地使用权所占用的宅基地面积超过省、自治区、直辖市规定的标准。继承人可以继承宅基地上房屋的所有权,但不能继承宅基地使用权,或者继承宅基地上房屋所有权后占用的宅基地面积超过省、自治区、直辖市规定标准的,继承人以宅基地上房屋所占用的宅基地或者超过标准部分的宅基地为限取得宅基地法定地上权,或曰宅基地法定建设用地使用权,但对集体土地所有权人负有给付适量土地使用金的法定债务。

Structure of Succession Rules to the Right to Use Rural Land as a Residential Lot Under the Civil Code

The right to use rural land as a residential lot can be inherited. The subject of this right is not rural family, but rural residents as individuals. The right to use rural land as a residential lot can be owned solely by the head of the family, perhaps shared by all family members or some family members in the household. The heirs of the owner to right to use rural land as a residential lot may inherit the right or the right share of this right. However, in accordance with the "one household, one house" principle stipulated in Article 62 of the Land Administration Law, heirs cannot obtain two or more rights to use rural land as a residential lot through inheritance, nor can they inherit the share of land use rights when the land area exceeds legal standards. The heir can inherit the ownership of the house on the rural land as a residential lot, but cannot inherit the right to use rural land as a residential lot, or if the inheritance of the rural land as a residential lot exceeds the legal standard, the heir can obtain the statutory right to use land for construction, but the heir shall bear the legal debt of paying reasonable land use fees.