论诉讼信托和讨债信托的效力——探讨《信托法》第11条第4项

我国《信托法》第11条第4项规定,专以诉讼或者讨债为目的设立的信托无效。然而,该条文是对日本《信托法》移植的结果,我国并没有禁止诉讼信托和讨债信托的理由。同时,该条文容易被规避且难以被认定,在司法实践中缺乏适用的空间。再者,该条文不仅与我国现行的诸多法律条文和制度产生冲突,而且与我国减少社会不良资产和增强我国公民法律意识、维权意识的目的相违背,故应当删除。事实上,诉讼信托和讨债信托不仅符合信托设立的要求,而且能使债权人、债务人受益,并起到减少讼累等有利效果,因此,应当承认诉讼信托和讨债信托在我国的合法地位。

The Validity of Litigation Trusts and Debt Collection Trusts:Discussion on Article 11(4)of the Trust Law

Article 11 of the Trust Law of China stipulates that trusts created for the sole purpose of litigation or debt collection is invalid.However,this provision is the result of the legal transplant from the Japanese Trust Law.There is no reason for prohibiting litigation trusts and debt collection trusts in China.Besides,this article is easy to be evaded and is difficult to be determined by judges,which means it might not be applicable in juridical practice.Moreover,this article not only conflicts with many of the current legal provisions in China,but also contradicts the purpose of reducing non-performing assets and enhancing Chinese citizens'legal awareness and right consciousness.Therefore,it should be rescinded.In fact,the litigation trusts and debt collection trusts meet the requirements of trust creation,benefit both creditors and debtors,and have such beneficial effects as reducing litigation.Therefore,litigation trusts and debt collection trusts in China should be legalized.