个人主义方法论与私法

在如何处理个人与社会的关系问题上存在着个人主义与整体主义两种不同的思想体系,而它们各自又呈现为价值论的与方法论的两种不同的形态。仅就法学而言,个人主义方法在私法中处于基础地位,是私法研究无可替代的方法,而整体主义方法在私法中只存在着非常有限的适用空间。个人主义方法论在私法中具体表现为私人主体、私人利益、私人自治、自己责任、权利本位、形式平等、交换正义、程序正义与主观价值论等范畴。虽然现在学界已自觉不自觉地在私法领域中运用个人主义方法论,但由于整体主义的影响无处不在, 提倡、张扬个人主义方法论仍具有相当的必要性。

Methodological Individualism and Private Law

There are two ideal systems named individualism and holism in dealing with the relationship between individual and society. Both of them indicate two forms, methodological and axiological. As for jurisprudence, the fundamental role which methodological individualism plays in private law is unquestionable , while methodological holism has little scope in it. Private law places great emphasis on the individual. private right, private autonomy, private interests, commutative justice and the procedural justice etc, all of which are the requests of methodological individualism. Although the scholars have applied methodological individualism in private law intentionally or inadvertently, with the ghost of holism existing everywhere, it is still very necessary to advocate methodological individualism.