男孩偏好与性别失衡：一个基于需求视角的理论分析框架

出生性别比失衡是在生育转变过程中、具有男孩偏好的国家和地区不可避免的一个社会人口现象,反映出在特定的文化模式下,女性个体利益与家庭和群体利益的矛盾、错位和冲突。本文从需求视角出发,阐述了男孩偏好赖以生存的基础,提出了基于需求视角缓解男孩偏好的初步设想。文中指出,群体层面性别差异的固化,在一定程度上保证了个体层次的人身安全、保障安全、地位安全、自我价值实现。为此,缓解出生性别比失衡必须缓解主体对儿子的需求,从易到难,由表及里,层层剥蚀,集中攻坚：首先找到需求的薄弱环节,并利用性别敏感的替代模式和替代物品来满足主体多方面的需求;然后整合力量,有效动摇儿子需求的根基,缓解男孩偏好,最终达到降低出生性别比的目的。

Son Preference and Imbalanced Sex Ratio at Birth: Cultural Foundations of Demand

A skewed sex ratio at birth is a common phenomenon among countries with son preference in the process of fertility transition.It reflects that,in certain cultural contexts,women’s interests may conflict with household and group interests.Drawing on recognition of demand,this paper elaborates the foundations of a preference for sons and proposes suggestions to alleviate such a demand and reduce the imbalance of sex ratio at birth by recognizing that gender inequality at the group level may provide individuals and households with better survival opportunities,securities,social status and esteem,and the realization of individual life goals.Hence,to reduce the imbalance of sex ratio at birth,it is necessary to alleviate the demand for sons.Specifically,weak links should be first identified and replaced by new supplying methods that highlight gender equality;then,various forces should be joined together in order to shake the basis of son preference,and finally to reach the goal to bring the abnormal sex ratio at birth back to normal.