信用权之反思与重构

对信用权问题的解答必须回归到对作为客体的信用本身的认识。信用的理论界定和实践表达证明,信用是关于主体客观上的履约能力和主观上的履约品质的综合评价。从评价性人格权客体的外在性出发,信用作为与被评价人相分离的外在之物,作为一种“评价的他者”,与被评价人的人格利益并没有必然联系。正确的逻辑应当是剥离人格与财产,将原本属于名誉的人格利益的部分交还给名誉,信用只剩下财产利益部分。信用所蕴含的财产利益能否成为一项单独的财产权利,视各国法政策要素与法律科学要素间博弈的不同情况结果会有不同,但至少德国民法典第824条的分析表明,该“信用”条款所保护的不是一项特定化的权利,而应归属于一般化财产利益或纯粹经济损失范畴。

On Reflection and Reconstruction of the Credit Right

The answer to the issue of credit right lies in the credit itself as the object.Proven by theory and practice,credit is a comprehensive evaluation of the objective performance capacity and the subjective performance virtue.As an external object,credit is separated from the personality of the evaluated person,being an alter-ego of evaluation.Thus the correct logic is that property should be separated from personality,with goodwill retaining to the latter,while with credit included in the former.Whether the property interest in credit is an independent right depends on the competition between legal policy and legal science in different countries.Article 824 in German Civil Code has demonstrated that the"credit"is protected as a general property interest or pure economic loss rather than as a specified right.