公益林生态效益补偿政策与法律问题探讨

生态效益补偿制度作为一个不可忽视的方面已成为林业分类经营改革的热点和难点。我国先后启动了天然林保护工程和退耕还林工程这两项具有生态补偿性质的工程。虽然这两项工程都已取得了一定的成就,但是其中尚存在着一些问题。构建公益林效益补偿法已成为社会主义市场经济体制和林业深化改革进程中的一个新问题。中国公益林生态效益补偿法规的设计应从以下几方面入手: 1.确立公益林在生态环境中的地位和作用; 2.确立公益林的各种林种的具体范围; 3.建立公益林的效益补偿原则; 4.确立公益林效益补偿方式; 5.确立公益林效益补偿资金及各种法定费用的征收使用管理规则。

Discussion on Policy and Law of Compensation for Ecological Benefit of Welfare Forest

Policy and law of compensation for ecological benefit, which cannot be neglected, becomes the key point and nodes of forestry management and reformation. In China, two projects, i.e. protection of natural forest and transformation of plantation to forest, are implemented successively. Although the two projects have brought about some achievement, there are still some problems. Construction of policy and law of compensation for ecological benefit of welfare forest has become a new issue in the reformation of socialist market economy system and that of forestry. The construction of policy and law of compensation for ecological benefit of welfare forest should include the following points: a) to establish the status and function of welfare forest in the ecological benefit; b) to determine the special domain of different species of welfare forest; c) to establish the policy of compensation of welfare forest; d) to determine the way of the compensation; e) to determine the management policy of the compensation fund of the welfare forest, as well as that of all kinds of legal collection.