缔约责任构成要件探析——兼评我国《合同法》第42条、43条、58条之规定

我国立法对缔约责任构成要件规定的不明确,理论上对此看法并不统一,所以有必要对缔约责任构成要件予以探讨.为平衡当事人间的利益,均衡交易安全保护与鼓励交易的立法政策,缔约责任的承担原则上应要求责任人有过错,同时应在特殊场合承认无过错责任.在判断过错时,要在个案中考虑责任人对缔约对方的信赖能否预见.受害人的信赖是缔约责任产生的前提,但缔约责任的发生与合同是否成立有效无关.在因果关系上,信赖利益受损与致损缔约行为间的因果关系具有间接性.

On the Constitution of Culpa in Contrahendo --Reviewing 42nd, 43nd, 58nd Article in China''''s Contract Law

The constitution of culpa in contrahendo hasn't been provided explicitly in china's legislation,and there is not unanimous opinion in theory.So it is necessary to discuss the constitution of culpa in contrahendo.To balance the interests between the parties and compromise the legislative policy of protecting the transaction security and the policy of advocating transaction,in principle we should require the party has fault when he undertakes the liability with the exception of no-fault liability on specific occasion.We should consider the party's ability to anticipate the other party's reliance when we judge the fault.The victim's reliance is the premise of the culpa in contrahendo,but the culpa in contrahendo has nothing to do with the fact that the contract is valid or void.The relation of cause and effect between the loss of reliance interests and the conduct of signing a contract is indirect.