我国侦查权的程序性控制

我国现有的侦查权程序性控制表现为以内部自律的科层制控制为主、外部他律的分权式控制为辅的基本制度格局。从制度构造的表象看,传统的线性分工模式、功利导向的控制方式和不彻底的程序性救济,暴露了侦查权程序性控制体系的残缺和现有制度的羸弱。在社会文化和制度环境的作用下,长期的科层制控制和检察监督所形成的固化观念,使我国侦查权的程序性控制陷入了理念上的“内卷化”,并逐步消解着以现有制度为对象而进行的种种机制性改良尝试。立足于未来发展,我国侦查权程序性控制的制度远景应该是建立合乎我国国情的司法审查模式,使侦查权的控制走向彻底的法治化和专业化。在既有的法律框架下,侦查权程序性控制的制度近景则是以非法证据排除规则为后盾,通过与检察监督的衔接,建立审前程序中以检察机关为中心、审判程序中以法院为中心的二阶层控制模式;并通过与案例指导、国家赔偿、司法建议等制度的配套运行,形成制度合力,倒逼侦查方式和技术的改善,进而促进制度远景目标的实现。

Procedural Control of Criminal Investigation Power in China

The existing control pattern of criminal investigation power in China takes internal hierarchical self-disciplinary control as the main method and external heteronomous control by judicial power as the supplementary method. Judging from the surface of the institution structure, the traditional linear model, the utilitarian control mode, and the incomplete procedural remedies have exposed the weakness and incompleteness of the existing system. Squeezed between institutional environment and social culture and influenced for a long period of time by deep-rooted notions formed through bureaucratic control and prosecutorial supervision, the system of procedural control over criminal investigation power in China has been caught in a process of conceptual involution, and gradually frustrating all attempts for improvements. The reform of the system of procedural control over criminal investigation power should be carried out according to a short-term plan on the basis of actual conditions and under the guidance of the long-term plan. The long-term goal of procedural control system in China should be to establish a judicial review model which is in line with China''s national conditions to realize the complete legalization and professionalization of criminal investigation power. Under the existing legal framework, the short-term plan is to establish, on the basis of the exclusionary rule and through the prosecutorial supervision, a two-step control mode that takes the prosecution as the center of the pretrial procedure and the court as the center of the trial proceedings, to develop a synergistic effect through the operation of such supporting systems as case guidance, state compensation, judicial suggestions and other similar systems, so as to compel the investigation organs to make improvements in investigative methods and techniques, thereby further contributing to the realization of the long-term reform plan.