在俄华人灰色经营问题解析

灰色经营是指非正规但又被默许存在的经营活动。华人在俄进行灰色经营的领域主要有包棚种菜、在批发市场做买卖和带团旅游。华人在俄灰色经营活动之所以能够长期存在,在某种意义上是俄方有意为之的结果。俄罗斯社会缺乏安全感,对外资和外来移民充满戒心;在制定移民政策和引资政策时,总是更多地考量安全。这样就形成了如下矛盾心理:一方面对于外来移民的经营活动存在客观需求;另一方面又担心对外来移民的经营活动难以把控。对待在俄谋生的外来移民,俄方事实上的行为模式如下:先通过收严合法化空间使包括华人在内的外来劳务移民处于非法境地,然后,一方面默许其灰色经营方式的存在,另一方面在必要时进行检查和惩处。在这一背景下,如何化解灰色经营带来的危害,如何使经营方式由“灰”转“白”,就成为亟待探讨和解决的问题。

Analysis on the Grey Business of Chinese in Russia

Gray business refers to informal but tacitly existing business activities.The main areas where the Chinese engage in grey business in Russia include planting vegetables in greenhouse,doing business in the wholesale market and taking group tours in Russia.The reason why the grey business activities of the Chinese in Russia can exist for a long time is,in a sense,the result of the Russian side's intention.Russian society is insecure and wary of foreign investment and immigration;there has always been a greater concern for security in the formulation of immigration and investment policies.Thus the following contradictory psychology is formed:on the one hand,there is an objective demand for the business activities of immigrants,on the other hand,they worry about the difficulties of controlling the business activities of immigrants.In practice,the Russian approach is as follows:,with the strict laws and regulations Russia puts foreign labor immigrants,including the Chinese,in an illegal situation,then it acquiesces in the existence of gray operation mode and carries out inspection and punishment when it feel the need.Thus,the problems such as how to dissolve the harm brought by gray business and how to change the business fromgraytowhite,have become an urgent issues that should be solved.