构成要件与诉讼证明关系论纲

刑事程序法以证据来证明犯罪事实,刑事实体法以犯罪事实符合犯罪构成要件来认定犯罪。构成要件与诉讼证明以犯罪事实为纽带紧密关联,相互影响。犯罪构成要件通过对犯罪事实的勾勒和形塑决定证明方向,划定证明范围,依据不同要件的分类影响证明责任的分配。诉讼证明对犯罪构成要件的影响主要是通过实践中惯常性的证明困难倒逼犯罪构成要件就其结构和具体要素作出必要的调整和修正。引入绝对责任和客观处罚条件、构建阶梯型罪名、设立抽象危险犯、建立推定制度以及通过刑法解释合理缩减证明范围,将主观要件类型化为若干客观情节都是刑法为了满足证明的需要就犯罪构成要件作出的完善。

On the Relation between Constitutive Elements and Litigation Proof

Evidences prove criminal facts of crimes in the criminal procedure law. Criminal facts conform to the crime constitutive elements in the criminal law. The crime constitutive elements are closely related to the criminal facts and affect each other. The constitutive elements of crime determine the direction of proof in the judiciary through the description of the facts of the crime, and define the scope of the proof,and affect the distribution of burden of proof according to the classification of different requirements. The impact of the procedure proof on the elements of the crime is mainly through the Dilemma of proof of proof that often occurs in practice to influence the constituent elements of the crime, that is, to make necessary adjustments and amendments to the structure and specific elements. Introducing absolute liability, objective punishment condition, constructing hierarchical crimes, establishing abstract dangerous criminals, establishing the degree of customization, and explaining the scope of reasonable reduction of evidence through criminal law, and classifying subjective elements into a number of objective circumstances are criminal laws that are necessary to satisfy the need for proof. Then the constitutive elements are perfected.