论我国司法机关法规审查标准之重构

从规范分析与实际运作的角度来看,我国司法机关的法规审查标准主要包括不一致标准与抵触标准。目前的审查标准存在的问题主要表现为未能体现对公民权利保障的关注、缺乏授权标准来控制立法秩序、缺乏认定法规无效或撤销的标准以及审查标准本身的规范化程度较低等方面。法规审查标准重构的可行模式在于吸收和借鉴西方法治国家法规审查的成熟经验,在现有的不一致标准中吸收德国的比例原则,在抵触标准中吸收美国的三阶密度标准,以充实完善既有的审查标准,实现宪政秩序维护与公民权利保障二者之间的平衡。

On Restructuring the Standard for Regulation Review by Judicial Departments in China

Both the normative analysis and actual practice have demonstrated that there are two aspects of standards for regulation review in China: inconsistency and contravening. However, the current standard fails to properly protect civil rights, lacks authorization to restrict legislation procedures and has no standard to invalidate or annul improper regulations; moreover, the degree of normalization is rather low. Taking reference from western countries’ mature experience is a feasible way to restructure the standard for regulation review, specifically speaking, German proportionality principle should be introduced for inconsistency standard; while American three-level intensity standard for contravening standard. Accordingly, the perfected existing review standard can maintain the balance between the constitutional order and the protection of civil rights.