中毒死亡案件的法医学分析

目的分析中毒性死亡案件和与中毒死亡有关的医疗纠纷案件的法医学特点,探讨此类案件的防护重点和鉴定要点。方法对四川大学法医学院1985～2004年106例中毒死亡尸体剖验病理材料进行回顾性统计分析。结果性别:男性61例,女性45例,男女比例1.36:1;年龄:以21～40岁年龄组(60.38%)为主;死亡方式:意外死亡最多见(52.83%),其次为自杀(33.02%)和他杀(14.15%);死亡原因:CO中毒、有机磷类中毒、毒鼠强及药物中毒多见(72.64%);医疗纠纷:发生医疗不当12例(11.32%),7例为医源性中毒性医疗纠纷,5例为中毒后在医院抢救中发生的医疗纠纷,主要发生于乡镇医院和县级医院(83.33%)。结论加强毒物的管理、提高安全意识、加强法制教育、增加生产安全等是减少中毒性死亡的重要手段。提高城乡医疗水平,加强中毒急诊抢救临床技能是防止中毒性医疗纠纷的关键。

Medicolegal analysis of poisoning death cases.

Objective To explore the forensic medical characteristics of poisoning death and analyze the features of medical tangle with poisoning death. Methods 106 poisoning death cases which were assessed at the School of Forensic Medicine from 1985 to 2004 are analyzed. Result 61 cases are males, the other 45 are females. The dominating age group is from 21 to 40. The most common manner of death is accident death(52.83%),followed by suicide(33.02%)and homicide(14.15%).The majority of poisoning are the carbon monoxide, organic-phosphor, rodenticide and drugs(72.64%). 12 cases are of medical tangle, among which 7 cases are iatrogenic poisoning, 5 cases are occurred during therapy. Most of these cases took place in basic hospitals(83.33%). Conclusion It is important to strengthen management of poisonous substance and to improve the level of medical service to avoid medical tangle.