西汉“授田制”辨析

秦汉小农家庭平均人口不足五人,两个左右劳动力,其最大的土地耕作量是一百小亩,汉初人口锐减,可供开垦的土地面积远远大于社会劳动力所能开垦的极限值,耕地不存在稀缺性,缺乏以分配耕地为内容的土地产权制度存在的条件。汉初授田制的功能不是分配土地,而是组织农业劳动力、确定田税率、促进劳动力与耕地的结合。

Analysis on Assertion of the Land-granting System's Unrelated with Granting Lands in Xi-han Dynasty

The average population in small and medium family of Qin and Han dynasty was short of five, among which about two were labor force.The heavyest workload that one family can afford was no more than one handred acres.The decrease of population in the beginning of Han dynasty made the arable land far more than the labor force could cultivate at that time.This means that the arable land was not a scarce resource,so the prerequisite for the establishing the land property right aimed at allocating arable land did not exist.The functions of land-granting system was not to allocate the land,but to organize the rural labor force,fix the land tax rate,and integrate the labor force and arable land.