论全国人大常务委员会法律统一解释体制构建

1982年《宪法》明确赋予了全国人大常务委员会法律解释权、法律修改权与非基本法律制定权.2000年《立法法》进一步明确了全国人大常务委员会法律解释程序.从2000年开始全国人大常务委员会充分地行使了法律解释权,针对《刑法》共颁布了九个立法解释,由此也引发了刑法立法解释与刑法司法解释如何区分,是否有独立存在意义的争议.通过对刑法立法解释的实证分析,我们可以发现全国人大常务委会法律解释体制的特征不在于其解释方法的特殊性,而是其特殊的法律统一解释功能.在社会主义法律体系逐步完备之后,如何保障法律体系内部的协调,将成为越来越重要的任务.全国人大常务委会法律解释体制应承担此重要的功能,这既是1982年《宪法》所赋予的权力,也是构建宪政国家不可或缺的环节.应基于这种法律统一解释功能来构建全国人大常务委员会的法律解释程序.

On Constructing the Uniform Interpretation of Law by the NPC Standing Committee

According to the Constitution （adopted in 1982）, the Standing Committee of the National Peo- ple＇ s Congress exercises the functions and powers to amend and interpret national laws, to enact laws with the exception of those which should be enacted by the National People＇ s Congress. The authority and procedure of interpretations of national laws have been further clarified in the Legislative Law （adopted in 2000 ）. From 2000 the Standing Committee of the National People＇ s Congress has fully exercised the power to interpret na- tional laws and has enacted nine legislative interpretations about Criminal Law which however have caused fierce disputes about how to distinguish between the legislative interpretation and the judicial interpretation of the Criminal Law, and whether the legislative interpretation has its own independent significance. Through a- nalysis of legislative interpretations, we can find that the meaning of legal interpretation system lies not in its special explanation＇ s method, but in its special function to unify different explanations of national laws. As our socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics has been established step by step, how to guarantee the legal system keep its internal coordination will become more and more important. The Standing Committee of the Na- tional People＇ s Congress should assume this responsibility. The procedure of legislative interpretation should be re-constructed according to this function.