现代型诉讼中的证明负担减轻——日本的理论研究成果及对我国的启示

现代型诉讼中，由于当事人构造处于实质上的不对等状态，因此负有证明责任的当事人一方往往无从举证。减轻该方当事人证明负担的方法，既有改变证明责任分配框架内的举措，亦不乏自由心证范围内的办法。一系列努力和尝试都反映了当事人程序权保障理念下证明责任制度的没落，证明权概念的上位。

On Lightening the Burden of Proof in the Modern Litigation

In modern litigation,as the litigant's construction is not in a materially equal condition,it is difficult for the litigant with the burden of proof to produce evidences.The methods of lightening the litigant's burden of proof include the measures to change the burden of proof within the distribution structure and within the scope of discretional evaluation of evidence.All of these series of endeavors and attempts reflect the decline of burden of proof system under the ideal of litigant procedural right protection and increase of the concept of right of proof.