清末立宪的当代总结——纪念辛亥革命一百周年

清末立宪经历7年,其性质是专制改良,不是民主革命。清末立宪失败有经济发展、政治传统、文化变迁、派别较量、族群关系、人物作用6个层次的原因。清末立宪失败对清廷维新派、清廷顽固派、立宪派和革命派这四个政治派别各有不同的历史教训。

A Contemporary Summarization of the Constitutionalization in the Late Qing Dynasty:Commemorating the Centenary of the 1911 Revolution

The constitutionalization in the late Qing Dynasty underwent for 7 years.In essence,it was a reform of a dictatorship rather than a democratic revolution.Its failure has causes in 6 dimensions such as economic development,political traditions,cultural change,factional struggles,ethnic relations,and personal impacts.The failure of constitutionalization in the late Qing Dynasty gave different historical lessons to the four political factions including the Qing court reformists,the Qing court die-hards,the con...