列宁对党和国家监督机制的思考与设计

苏联实行一党制后,对党和政府的监督中,异党监督不复存在,社会监督基本消失,司法监督作用有限,苏维埃自身监督机制极为脆弱。列宁生命垂危之际考虑建立新的监督机制,主张改革党的最高机构,以党的监察为核心,统一对党、国家的监察,为党的最高领导机关及其负责人设置监察机关。但斯大林等进行了抵制,使得列宁的构想未予落实。列宁的建议虽然仍是一种自律和自体监督,但其要为俄共最高层设置一个平行的监督机构的设想具有积极意义。

Lenin's Reflections on and Design of the Oversight Mechanism for the Party and the State

After the Soviet Union implemented the single-party system,for the Party and the state,oversight by other parties no longer existed,social oversight essentially disappeared,judicial oversight had very limited effects,and the self-oversight mechanism for the soviets was extremely weak.Close to the very end of his life,Lenin considered to establish a new oversight mechanism.He proposed to reform the supreme organ of the Party,to unify the oversight for the Party and the state with a focus on the latter,and to...