流域治理中的政府间环境协作机制研究——以小东江治理为例

跨区域的河流污染问题不仅引发公用地灾难,还制约上下游地区经济社会发展,甚至还容易导致群体性事件,影响社会和谐.但是,传统以地域为边界的管理方式在治理这类跨区域河流污染问题上捉襟见肘.因此,需要常态的治理区域公共事务的机制,以保证跨区域河流污染得到及时、有效的治理.而工程技术层面的流域治理机制必须建立在有效的治理机制上才能充分发挥效用,建立统一的流域管理机构对于小流域治理则制度成本过高、可操作性也不强.因此,地方政府间环境协作是有效治理跨市(县)河流污染的必然选择.采用个案研究方法,通过对粤西地区的小东江(跨茂名市和湛江市)治理实践的研究,发现广东省和相关市政府在作为治理主体时都存在内生性不足,碎片化的治理结构因而最终陷入了治理困境.因此,政府间环境协作是小东江污染治理的必然要求,而这必须建立上级政府监管权威、健全公众参与和流域内地方政府间民主协作的多元治理机制.

Research on the Mechanism of Environmental Coordination among Governments to Harness the Pollution of Valleys——Taking Harnessing the Xiao Dong River as an Example

The pollution of rivers across areas evokes the commons tragedy, restricts the economic and social development of the upper and lower reaches of rivers and, even more, results in the mass incidents, which disturb the construction of harmonious society. However, the traditional mode of harnessing based on geographical boundaries could not solve the pollution of rivers across areas. Therefore, it is urgent to build mechanisms of governing regional public affairs to harness the pollution of rivers across areas effectively and timely. On the one hand, the technological harnessing cannot get the desired results without effective governing mechanisms. On the other hand, the institution cost is too high to be endured by constructing the united valley administrative organization to harness the pollution of small-sized rivers across areas. Therefore, environmental coordination among local governments is the inevitable choice. In this paper, taking harnessing the Xiao Dong River as an example,the authors consider that the environmental coordination among governments is the necessary way to harness the pollution of Xiao Dong River because fragmented governing mechanisms cannot get the desired results. Moreover, it is necessary to construct diverse governing mechanisms including regulating higher lever governments, the public participation and democratic cooperation among local governments.