我国《刑法》第13条但书规定新解——兼论但书在犯罪构成理论中的展开

规范刑法学的范畴内,遵循司法刑法学的逻辑要求,作为犯罪司法概念的《刑法》第13条,应该是形式和实质相结合的犯罪概念,前段是体现形式理性的刑事违法性的积极、类型化判断,而但书则是体现实质理性的社会危害性消极、个别化判断。因此,但书不仅仅是轻微违法的阻却事由,而且应当包含相当于三阶层体系中阻却构成要件符合性、阻却违法和阻却责任的全部内容。

Of Proviso Clause in Criminal Law Is Not Quota Factor

To explain the clause of criminal law,we must follow the judicature logic construction of criminal law to reinterpret Article 13 of the Criminal Law,which is just a criminal judicature concept and has the content of form and substantiality.The logical center of Article 13＇s first half is about criminal illegality,which manifests the form rationality,and it is a positive,general judgment.And the proviso of Article 13 is about social harmfulness,which manifests the substantive rationality,it is a negative,individualized judgment to negate crime.The proviso clause should summarize all matters which negate the concerning crimes,not only slight illegal （quota factor）,but also justified acts and expectant possibility （Zumutbarkeit）.