社会交换与法律

社会关系本质上是人与人之间交换的关系。人际交换的关系在形式上表现为契约的交换和非契约的交换,两者在交换的主体意义、交换内容的性质、交换的程序意义以及交换的公正性原则等方面存在差异。人类社会经历了从非契约交换到契约交换的历史演化,非契约交换是人类社会关系的开端,而契约交换则是社会关系发达的产物。在人类社会的进化过程中,法律因陌生人契约交换的需要而产生,并为陌生人的契约交换提供保证,从而法律与契约的交换形成了同构的关系。法律在将契约交换的关系纳入自己的领地时,也与非契约的交换关系发生了分离,这种分离导致了法律与非契约交换之间形成了张力。

Social Exchange and Law

Social relationship is in nature a relatedness of interchanging between people and people.There are two forms of interchanging relationship: contracted and un-contracted.The two forms have some differences on the objective connotations,nature,procedure,as well as the impartial principle of interchanging.Human society has experienced an evolution from un-contracted to contracted interchanging,and the former one is the beginning of the human social relationship while the latter one is the product of advanced social relationship.In the process of human societal evolution,law was rising from contract between strangers and provided a protection of contract interchanging between strangers.Therefore,an intergrowth occurs between law and contract.When law has brought the contract interchange relatedness into its field,it thus has separated from un-contracted relatedness.And this separation forms a tension between law and un-contracted interchanging.