《民法典》视野下统一动产和权利担保登记制度的构造

在登记对抗主义之下，动产和权利担保登记的功能不在于创设一个新的权利，而在于为与担保人进行交易的第三人提供信息以及为确定竞存权利之间的优先顺位提供基础。如此，动产和权利担保登记系统应以声明登记制为基础而构建。《民法典》就动产和权利担保物权的功能主义立法方法为统一动产和权利担保登记制度提供了法律上的前提。在维持特殊动产、权利担保登记系统的前提下，统合没有所有权登记的标的物上的担保登记系统，并建立两大登记系统之间的电子链接。统一的动产和权利担保登记系统应是基于互联网的完全电子化的登记系统，其编制采取人的编成主义，并辅之以物的编成主义，涵盖所有在功能上起担保作用的交易类型。担保权人可以自主在线完成登记和查询，但为防止欺诈登记和虚假登记，担保人享有受领登记通知、请求注销或修正登记的权利，担保权人负有注销登记的义务。

The Construction of Unified Filing System of Security Interests over Movables and Rights under the Civil Code of China

Under the filing confrontation doctrine, the filing of security interests over movables and rights is designed to provide information for the trading counterparts of the debtor and determine the priority among competing security rights, rather than create a new right. Therefore, the filing system of security interests over movables and rights should be based on notice filing. By the functionalism of security interests over movables and rights, the Civil Code has offered a legislation premise for the unified filing system of security interests over movables and rights. Keeping the filing system of security interests over special chattel and rights, the system for objects without title registration shall be unified, and the link between the two different systems should be built up. The unified filing system of security interests over movables and rights based on the Internet is totally electronic. It should be organized by reference to the name of the debtor along with the asset based registration and searching, and it should integrate all kinds of transactions functioning as security interests. The creditors can file and inquire about the security transactions by themselves, but the debtors should be given the rights to receive notice about the filing, ask for canceling and modifying the filing, in order to avoid fraudulent and fake filing, and the creditors have the obligation to cancel the filing.