逆反与复归自然的“拱形结构”：“世纪末”文学思想探析

“世纪末”主要由两种审美风格构成，一种是以“逆反自然”为价值取向的颓废主义，它崇尚人工美而贬低自然美，表现萎缩的生命力和矫揉造作的人性；另一种是以“复归自然”为价值取向的原始主义，它崇尚自然美而贬低人工，表现蓬勃的生命强力和未经修饰的原始意识和内心情绪。两种审美风格看似完全对立，实则共同扮演现代文明批判者的角色。逆反自然和复归自然构成了“世纪末”文学的内在矛盾，这个矛盾统一于“意志”，围绕“意志”形成“世纪末”思想的拱形结构，发散出20世纪现代派文学的诸多元素。

The “Arch Structure” of Revolting and Reverting to Nature: Literary Thoughts of the “End of the Century”

The “End of the Century” is mainly composed of two aesthetic styles. One is the school of decadence, which takes “revolting nature” as its value orientation. It advocates artificial beauty and belittles natural beauty, showing atrophic vitality and artificial human nature. The other is the primitivism with “returning to nature” as its value orientation, which advocates natural beauty and belittles artificial, showing vigorous life force and unmodified original consciousness and inner emotion. The two aesthetic styles seem to be completely opposite, but in fact they play the role of critics of modern civilization. The inner contradiction of “the End of the Century” literature is composed of revolting nature and returning to nature. This contradiction is unified in the “will”. Around the “will”, the arch structure of the “End of the Century” thought is formed, and many elements of modernist literature in the 20th century are emanated.