民事法律行为类型化的创新与完善

民事法律行为虽已成我国民商法领域重要成果,但也生发出诸多理论与实践上的问题和逻辑矛盾。我国学界有人认为民事法律行为的矛盾源于前苏联民法,一些权威性民法著作主张将"民事法律行为"恢复至德国"法律行为"。但是在构建具有中国特色的社会主义民商法理论体系中,似乎不应当非此即彼,而应当在剔除民事法律行为必须合法这一不合理因素的基础上,坚守民事法律行为在民商法领域的应有地位,且应进一步改变将其局限于民事法律关系原因层面的民事法律事实中的行为,借鉴和吸收我国法理学界的研究成果,将其界定为"由民法规范的、具有民事法律意义和效果的行为";其形式类型上应当从现在"民事法律事实"中的行为拓展至民事法律关系要素客体方面的行为和民事法律关系要素内容中的民事权利行为和民事义务行为,以致包括民事违法行为和民事责任行为。

Innovation and Improvement of Categorization of Civil Juristic Acts

The civil luristic acts have become a malor achievement in civil and commercial law in our country though many problems and contradictions of logic have occurred both in theory and practice. Some scholars hold that the contradictions originated from the Soviet Union,thus some authoritative works on civil law proposed that“civic luristic acts”should be resumed to German“luristic acts”. While in establishing socialist civil and commercial legal theory system with China’s characteristics,the absolute either-or meth-od should be avoided and the requirement of legality should be abandoned from constituents of civil luristic acts for it is irrational. Further,the proper status of civil luristic acts should be maintained and acts in civil luristic facts that restrained to causes of civil luristic relations should be altered. Taking reference from luris-prudential achievements,the concept of civil luristic acts is suggested to be defined as“acts regulated by civil rules with civil legal meanings and effects”. With regard to categories of formality,acts in respect of civil luristic facts should be extended to acts in respect of constituents of oblects and acts in respect of rights and obligations in constituents of content in civil luristic relations,thus including acts against civil law and acts to assume civil liabilities.