保险与抵押的机制衔接及其制度构架——以按揭住房保险为视角

物上代位制度的创设同时具有价值权说和特权说的法理逻辑内涵。抵押物保险金为代位物,实现了抵押与保险的机制衔接,内涵特有的价值目标和利益平衡性。抵押权人主动援用该机制设定抵押权风险的防范措施,具有法理正当性,但应使机制运行具有公平公正性;此机制中的保险强制应具体论证。保险和抵押机制有机衔接的关键是代位效力实现的规则设置,需解决代位物的特定化、担保价值的控制、担保效力的公示等实质性问题;法定扣押模式缺陷明显,抵押权人对代位物债权一定限度的控制规则更具合理性。物权立法必须对物上代位制度重新做出科学的制度构架。

The Mechanism Combination and System Construction of Insurance and Hypothecation

The establishment of the institution of subrogation in re has logic connotations indicating both a value power and a privilege.The insurance money of mortgage,as the thing subrogated,has combined the mechanism of insurance and hypothecation.As a general rational mechanism,the mortgagee could actively invoke it to set the safeguards of hypothec risk,while in the meantime he should operate it with fairness,which depends on each case's individual circumstances,demonstrating the force of insurance specifically.The key to the effective combination of insurance and hypothecation is to establish a rule re- alizing the validity of subrogation,solving substantive problems such as the specialization of the thing subrogated,the control of the guaranteed value,and the publicity of validity of guarantee,etc.The mode of legal distrainment has obvious deficiency,and it has more rationality to set the rule of mortgag- ee's necessary control of the obligation right of things subrogated.