论政府职能转变的目标及其制度支撑

我国改革开放既以政府职能转变为其重要的变革内容,又以行政体制改革为实现市场经济建设目标的重要途径和手段,而从计划经济到市场经济的转轨,又为政府职能的全面转型提供了重要的社会经济基础。在转型过程中,要求政府肩负起诸多角色。政府职能转变的目标,在于建立和完善宏观调控机制,致力于建立和发展现代民主,培育市民(公民)社会。要完成这种职能转变和变革,必须建立法律规范体系和秩序政治规则,确立真正的法律权威和政府规制的正当性,达成普遍的政治共识。《行政许可法》和《实施纲要》的颁布与施行,为转变政府职能确立了崇高的目标。建设和谐社会、政府职能转变,一切均应依法推进,建立和完善相应的法规范或曰“游戏”规则。政府职能的转变,要求以法规范的形式加以明确,以具体的权力和职责的性质加以确认,以具体的岗位责任制加以保障,以市场主体乃至各个领域、各个层次的利益表达和利益实现作为监督制约。参与型行政是增强转变政府职能的可接受性、建设和谐社会的保障。

On the Aim and Systematic Foundation of the Transformation of Governmental Functions

Our policy of reform and opening up not only puts the transformation of government's functions as its important content of reform, but also considers the reform of administrative system as the crucial way and means. Meanwhile, the transforming from planned economy to market economy provides an important social economic basis to the all-round transformation of government's functions. In the process of transformation, the government needs to undertake a series of roles. The object of the transformation of government's functions is to construct and complete the macro-control system, to hammer at constructing and developing the modern democracy, and to foster a civil (citizens') society. To achieve this transformation and reform, we need to build the normative system of law and the political rules of order, to establish the true authority of law and the justness of government regulation, and to form the political common understanding. The promulgation and enforcement of The Administrative License Law and The Outline set a lofty goal for the transformation of government's functions. Building a harmonious society and transformation of government's functions should both be promoted by law, and need to establish and complete the relevant law regulations or the rules of “the game”. The transformation of government's functions need to be clearly stated in the form of law, to be affirmed by the nature of concrete powers and responsibilities, to be guaranteed by the position liability system, to be supervised and restricted by the expression and realization of the interest of market main body, the other fields and the other classes. Participant administration is the safeguard of strengthening acceptability of transformation of government's functions and building a harmonious society.