基本养老保险政策区域不均衡研究

由于政策规定和执行均存在差异,我国基本养老保险政策区域不均衡显著。文章分别采用广义熵、阿特金森指数和基尼系数测量顶部、底部和中部不均衡,先考察基本养老保险政策的省内、省际不均衡,再采用PSM-DID和准合成控制法识别2016年阶段性降费率政策对区域不均衡的影响。研究发现:全国省内不均衡程度,贵州最低,福建顶部和中部较高、辽宁底部较高。2008-2017年全国顶部、底部和中部省内不均衡总体下降,其中天津降幅最大,但还有约三分之一的省未下降,且2016年阶段性降费率政策加剧省内不均衡,尤其是底部不均衡;2008-2017年全国顶部、底部和中部省际不均衡总体下降,2016年阶段性降费率政策减弱省际不均衡,尤其是底部不均衡。

The Regional Imbalance of the Basic Pension Insurance Policy in China

Due to the differences in policy regulation and implementation,the regional imbalance of the basic pension insurance policy in China is significant.General Entropy,Atkinson Index and Gini coefficient are used to measure the top,bottom and middle imbalance,respectively.First,this paper investigates the intra-provincial and inter-provincial imbalance of the basic pension insurance policy,and then uses PSM-DID and quasi-Synthesis Control Method to identify the impact of the 2016 phased rate reduction policy on the regional imbalance.The results show that:the degree of intra-provincial imbalance in Guizhou is the lowest,the top and middle intra-imbalance in Fujian is higher,and the bottom intra-imbalance in Liaoning is higher.The national top,bottom and middle of the intra-provincial imbalance declined overall from 2008 to2017,of which Tianjin decreased the most.Meanwhile,there were around one-third of the provinces whose intra-imbalance did not decline from 2008 to 2017,and the 2016 phased rate reduction policy aggravated the intra-provincial imbalance,especially at the bottom.The national top,bottom and middle inter-provincial imbalance declined overall from 2008 to2017,and the 2016 phased rate reduction policy weakened the inter-provincial imbalance,especially at the bottom.