植物新品种临时保护请求权性质与规范构造

植物新品种临时保护请求权旨在保护育种者自提出或公告品种权申请至授权期间的利益,其性质应属不当得利返还请求权。该请求权的主体为品种权人及利害关系人,其行使应满足时间、行为、实际通知等条件。临时保护请求权的效力范围为请求行为人支付适当使用费,该使用费应以许可费为基础,酌情考虑个案因素加以确定。我国植物新品种临时保护请求权存在权利性质含糊、主体范围狭窄、行使条件不具体及效力范围不明确等问题,应结合UPOV1991文本、其他国家和地区的相关规定及我国司法实践加以完善,以提高我国植物新品种保护水平。

The Nature and Normative Structure of the Claim for Temporary Protection of New Plant Varieties

The purpose of the claim for temporary protection of new plant varieties is to protect the interests of the breeder during the period from the application for the variety right to the authorization,and its nature should be the right of claim for the return of unjust enrichment.The claimant is the variety owner and interested party,and its exercise should meet the conditions such as time,behavior,actual notice and so on.The scope of validity of the claim for temporary protection is the payment of appropriate royalties by the requesting party,which shall be determined on the basis of licensing fees and,as appropriate,taking into account the factors of the case.There are some problems in the right of claim of temporary protection of new plant varieties in our country,such as vague nature of rights,narrow scope of subjects,unclear exercise conditions and unclear scope of effectiveness,which should be combined with UPOV1991 texts,relevant regulations of other countries and regions and judicial practice of our country,so as to improve the level of protection of new plant varieties in our country.