公务员角色定位的困境分析及对策思考

对公务员角色的定位历来是公共行政学探讨的重要问题。传统的行政学及其继承者——新公共行政和新公共服务把公务员定位为"公共人";公共选择学派则将公务员定位为"经济人"。但各种研究范式的分离与竞争始终没有摆脱以技术理性为基础的"人性假设"和实证研究范式的限制。公务员角色在现实中发生错位,其背后所反映的是管理主义运动兴起过程中公共行政陷入的身份危机。社会建构主义重视社会群体互动和协商的结果,把公务员作为一个群体来看待,而不是将其作为抽象的个体加以定位。因此,通过自由式民主和协商民主的手段,形成一种自我认同、相互信任的组织文化,或许是走出公务员角色定位困境的新路径。

The Role of the Civil Service Positioning Dilemma and Countermeasures

The role of the civil service position is always the important issues of public administration.The traditional administration and its successor——new public administration and new public service,the civil service as a "public man";The school of public choice will be the official position as "economic man".A paradigm of separation and competitive lifted one round another round of public administration reform,but never get rid of base on the technical rationality "hypothesis of human nature" and the limits of empirical research paradigm.The role of the civil service set in reality is often a dislocation,behind which is reflected by management movement in the rise of public administration in the identity crisis.Social constructivism social community interaction and consultation results,as well as the historical and cultural influences.Abandon the civil service as an abstract individual positioned,the civil service as a community view,by liberal democracy and deliberative democracy means,form a kind of self-identity,mutual trust and organizational culture,it may be a new way to solute the plight of the public servants role orientation.