试论“气节”的时代性——以元好问与钱谦益为例

"气节"一直是我们评价一个人道德品格的重要标准.但是,我们往往忽略了道德的时代性.元好问和钱谦益在易代时的政治选择有不同之处,可他们都有政治上的"污点".后人,尤其是清代人在评价他们的时候,元被视为"完节"而钱却被视为"失节",这其中固然有不同人格的差异,更有时代的影响.对两人行为及获得评价的分析,可以看出所谓"气节"并非亘古不变的为人准则,而是具有鲜明的时代性.

On Times Feature of Moral Integrity

People have been taking the moral integrity as the significant criterion for judging a person's moral characters.However,the times feature of moral is usually ignored. During the alternation of the ages Yuan hao-wen and Qian qian-yi had different options on politics,but both of them had political blemishes in their records.When the descendants especially people in Qing Dynasty commented on them, Yuan was (regarded) to "keep his integrity" while Qian "lose his integrity".It's true that they varied in characters and were (influenced) by the times.Obviously,it can be concluded that the moral integrity characterizes the times rather than a timeless criterion for people.