破产实体要件的审理程序研究

我国现行《破产法》并未明确将破产原因等破产实体要件作为当事人争议和法院审理的对象为其设定正式的审理程序。司法实践中,不少法院是把实体要件和形式要件都放在破产受理这一程序中进行审查的,这样做虽可在一定程度上消除人们对程序启动及案件受理效力等方面有关程序正当性的怀疑,但毕竟受理程序并非正式的审理程序,其程序空间较为狭小,难以承受审理破产实体要件的沉重任务。从增加整个破产程序运行的正当性和保障当事人的程序权利出发,新《破产法》有必要为破产实体要件设立较为正式的审理程序。

Trial on the Merits of a Bankruptcy Case

Under China's present bankruptcy law,litigants shall not contend,nor courts find some substantive facts,such as bankruptcy causes;and thus no corresponding procedures exist.In judicial practice,courts tend to merge the trial on the merits with the hearing of formalities when they are deciding whether to refuse to accept a bankruptcy case.In this way one can justify,to some extent,the bankruptcy proceedings,but the procedure to accept a case is by no means equal to a formal trial,even less to replace the trial on the merits of a bankruptcy case.From the perspective of keeping the due process of bankruptcy and protecting the parties' rights,this author determines that we should formulate a due process for the trial on the merits of bankruptcy cases in China's new Bankruptcy Act.