论犯罪学的诞生及其标志

犯罪学是一门在西方国家产生的学科,这一点已经得到普遍接受。但是,对于犯罪学的诞生及其标志等问题,人们有不同的看法。要认识和确定犯罪学的诞生,必须确立犯罪学诞生的参照点,这样的参照点有三个：犯罪中心性、综合性、非规范性。根据这些参照点进行判断,把贝卡里亚是看成犯罪学的创始人或者＂犯罪学之父＂,把龙勃罗梭看成是现代犯罪学的创始人或者＂现代犯罪学之父＂,把他们的代表作出版的年代分别看成是犯罪学诞生和现代犯罪学诞生的年代与标志,是比较合理的。

On the Emergence of Criminology and Its Landmarks

Criminology is a discipline emerged in the Western countries,which has become common sense in this field.However,there are different approaches about the issues concerning its emergence and the landmarks.It is necessary to understand and resolve such issues by the establishment of a reference frame.According to the opinion of the present author,the reference frame for the emergence of criminology should have three ones,namely researches focusing on crimes,comprehensive researches on crimes and relevant topics,and non-normativeness.From the reference frame,Cesare Beccaria can be regarded as the founder of criminology or father of criminology,and Cesare Lombroso can be regarded as the founder of modern criminology or father of modern criminology;their books can be regarded as the landmarks of the emergence of criminology.