法律义务新论——兼评张恒山教授《义务先定论》中的义务观

本文在评析了一般意义上的义务概念和几种似是而非的法律义务观之后 ,提出 :法律义务是为保障权利和权力的有效运行或实现 ,而由法律设定或当事人约定并通过预设一定的法律责任来保障的、相关主体在一定条件下必须作或不能作的某种行为。它有四大表现形态 :即权利对权利的义务 ,权利对权力的义务 ,权力对权利的义务和权力对权力的义务 ;其中每一形态又包含若干亚类。人们之所以履行义务 ,有多种原因 ,但归根结底是为了自我权利的实现。

A New Theory on Legal Obligation:A Comment on Prof. Zhang Hengshan''''s Conception of Obligation in his Predeterminate Obligaion

Based on the analysis of and comment on the conceptions of obligation both with general and special meanings, this article concludes that legal obligation is, in order to ensure the effective enforcement or realization of right and power, some certain action that relevant subject must or must not take under some certain circumstances which is prescribed by law or stipulated by the parties and is guaranteed by the pre-established legal responsibility, Four main categories of legal obligation are manifested: the right to right obligation, the right to power obligation, the power to right obligation and the power to power obligation, with each comprising its sub-categories, There are many reasons for the fulfillment of obligation, but all can be reduced to the realization of the subjects' right.