私法中的“人格”范畴含义辨析

在私法理论和制度中，“人格”范畴具有“主体资格”、“主体”、“主体特质”、“主体性要素”四种含义。其中，“主体资格”指特定的实体可以成为私法法律关系之主体的法定条件；“主体”指特定的实体获得主体资格后的法律状态；“主体特质”指特定的实体可以据之享有主体资格的其客观上所具备的属性；“主体性要素”则是人格权的客体，指自然入主体得以构成的且应得到尊重和保护的客观要素。这四种含义之间的区别主要体现为：“主体资格”是“主体”得以形成的法定条件，“主体资格”范畴也就是用来描述“（某种）实体”与“私法主体”之间的“转化关系”的概念；而“主体特质”和“主体性要素”都是指“主体”（或拥有主体资格的“实体”）在客观上所具有的属性，这两个范畴都属于描述某种“事物”的概念。

On the Meanings of "Personality": An analysis from the private law perspective

In the theory and system of private law,the category "personality" has four meanings.The first,it means "capacity of legal subject",i.e.the condition authorized by law based on which a certain entity can be the corresponding subject of civil legal relationship.The second,it means "person/subject",i.e.the entity which has the capacity of legal subject.The third,it means "the quality of subject",i.e.the specialty of a certain entity based on which the entity has the capacity of legal subject.The fourth,it means "the essentials of subject",i.e.the elements of natural person,or means "object of personality right".The differences between these meanings lie in the "capacity of legal subject" is the condition authorized by law based on which legal subject can exist and the category denotes the translating relation between a certain entity and corresponding legal subject,whereas,"the quality of subject "and" the essentials of subject "both mean the external essentials of legal subject or the entity that has capacity of legal subject,and they both denote "something",but not "relation between the one and the other".