试论避难权及其相关法律问题

国际法中的避难权,是基于出入境权,与驱逐外国人出境权、不将避难者推回绝境义务和驱逐出境抗辩程序权相对抗、共平衡的一项基本人权。避难权的本质是国家限制,国家没有国际义务给予其庇护。国家有权利驱逐未经许可入境或者许可入境后逾期不离境者对抗避难权。但是,只有完全履行不将避难者推回绝境义务、尊重驱逐出境抗辩程序权,驱逐外国人出境才是可以接受的。单独分析、实施其中任何一项,都会导致理论上理解的片面,和实践中处理与难民有关问题的不妥当。

On the Right of Seeking Asylum and Its Relevant Legal Issues

The right of seeking asylum in international law is a basic human right based on the right of exit-entry.It is reciprocally opposed against and in balance with the right of expelling foreigners out of the country,the duty of not declining the refugees to the impasse as well as the contradict procedure right of expelling to leave the country.The essence of seeking-asylum right is national restriction and no country has the obligation of providing shelter.Every country has the right to expel those having entered the country without permission or not leaving the country with expired permission to resist the seeking-asylum right.However,only fully fulfill the duty of not declining the refugees to the impasse and respect the contradict procedure right of expelling to leave the country,can the expelling foreigners be accepted.Analyzing and implementing any one of them alone will result in unilateral understanding in theory and impropriety in dealing with refugee problems in practice.