中东欧国家的欧洲化进程与欧盟边界的扩大

在转型的30年间,回归欧洲一直是中东欧国家的主要政治和外交目标。由此开启的欧洲一体化进程不仅影响了这些国家的自身发展,也给欧盟带来了新的冲击与挑战。在一众中东欧国家入盟后,欧盟的边界大幅扩展,其边境管理工作也更加繁重与复杂。为此,欧盟开始积极探索一体化的边境管理模式并着手打造全新的邻国政策。虽然欧盟革新了旧有的边管模式与相关政策,但仍无力应对突然爆发的难民危机。中东欧国家的欧洲化进程并非此次难民危机的直接动因,但它与欧盟陷入难民危机有着两方面的联系。第一,中东欧国家的欧洲化进程未能消弭东西欧国家间的巨大差异,致使欧盟与中东欧国家在相关问题上存在巨大的分歧。而在现有的权力结构与决策机制下,欧盟也无法绕开中东欧国家单独解决问题。第二,中东欧国家入盟使欧盟的人口与疆域大为拓展,导致欧盟在边境管理与难民政策上的原有不足被无限放大,间接影响了欧盟应对难民危机的能力。

The Europeanization of Central and Eastern European Countries and the Enlargement of the EU Border

In the 30 years of transition, the return to Europe has been the Central and Eastern European countries’(CEEC) main political and diplomatic goal. The European integration process initiated by this has not only affected the development of CEEC, but also brought new shocks and challenges to the EU. After the accession of a number of Central and Eastern European countries, the EU’s border has been greatly expanded, and its border management work has become more onerous and complex.To this end, the EU began to actively explore the integrated border management model and set about creating a new neighboring policy. Although the EU has reformed the existing model of border management and related policies, it is still unable to cope with the sudden outbreak of refugee crisis. The Europeanization of CEEC is not the direct cause of the refugee crisis, but it has two links with the refugee crisis of the EU. Firstly, the Europeanization process of CEEC has failed to eliminate the huge differences between eastern and western European countries, resulting in huge differences between the EU and CEEC on relevant issues. Under the existing power structure and decision-making mechanism, the EU cannot solve the problems bypass Central and Eastern European member states. Secondly, the accession of CEEC has greatly expanded the EU’s population and territory. As a result, the original deficiencies in the EU’s border management and refugee policy have been magnified, which has indirectly affected the EU’s ability to cope with the refugee crisis.