中国住房制度改革的政策评析

中国的住房制度改革是渐进式的,渐进式的房改避免了激进式改革中因利益关系迅速调整而引发的社会震荡,较好地实现了房改深化、经济发展和社会稳定的共同目标。根据不同时期中国住房制度改革的背景和特征,可以将其划分为四个阶段,即初步实践阶段(1980年6月—1994年6月)、综合配套阶段(1994年7月—1998年6月)、全面推进阶段(1998年7月—2007年7月)和结构调整阶段(2007年8月至今)。在对各阶段的房改政策进行梳理、分析与评介的基础上,可以发现:政府在房地产市场中的有效介入,居民住房消费梯度观念的形成,房地产开发商责任感的增强,分层住房供应体系的完善,全国住房普查的适时开展以及其他配套改革的整体推进,将是影响今后中国住房制度改革的顺利推进和在全国范围内实现"住有所居"目标的关键。此外,受社会经济发展状况和资源环境条件的制约,中低收入家庭的居住问题往往表现出住房支付能力不足的特征。因此,如何完善住房保障体系,为中低收入家庭提供满足其基本生活需求的居住条件是构建和谐社会的重中之重。

An Appraisal on Housing Reforming in China

Chinese housing reforms clearly bear the imprint of China's gradual institution transition. Following urban housing reforms that are designed to replace public housing with privately owned housing gradually, these measures help to maintain housing affordability by enlarging the areas of Chinese cities accessible to grow employment zones and exert, in turn, a positive impact on the harmonious society. According to the backgrounds and characteristics of housing reforms within certain periods, this paper classifies Chinese housing reforms into four stages, namely burgeoning stage (June 1980-June 1994), formalized stage (July1994-June 1998), extending stage (July 1998-July 2007) and structural readjustment stage (August 2007-Onward). On the strength of analyzing and appraising housing reforms during the four stages, this paper emphasizes the necessity of governmental efficient intervention in housing market, the construction of gradient housing consumption, the improvement of multi-level housing provision system, the recommencement of national housing survey, and the extension of other related reforms, which are detrimental for expanding housing accessibility to every citizen nationally. Because housing conditions of urban Chinese households are still differentiated by social and economic status, it is imperative for government to consummate public housing system for their targeted families' accessibility to decent houses.