汉语元语言系统研究的理论建构及应用价值

近年来的汉语词典学,词汇学,语义学和语言信息处理等领域的研究之所以难以出现重大突破,其表层原因在于尚未对现代汉语元语言系统展开深入研究,其深层原因在于没有对元语言的理论和方法进行创造性探索,从语言学立场出发探索元语言,势必形成逻辑学元语言和语言学元语言的分野。语言学的元语言是对象语的解释性符号系统,与之相对的对象语可以是语言系统,也可以是同一系统的部分语符,依据所处语言层面和应用功能,存在词汇元语言,释义元语言和语义元语言三种系统,以之为基础可进一步研究信息处理元语言和认知元语言,元语言系统研究就是“语言基因图谱分析工程”,只有完成了这一工程才能建立语义结构网络,“自然语言能力模拟工程”才有可能实现。

The Study of Metalanguage System of Chinese :An Analysis Project of Language Gene Atlas

It is difficult to have made great breakthroughs in the study of Chinese lexicography,lexicon,semantics and language information process in the recent years,which has two reasons:superficially,the profound research has not been made on metalanguage system of Modern Chinese and deeply,the original exploration has not been made on theory and methodology of metalangage.Linguistic metalanguage is a system of interpretative symbols of the object language.In correspondernce with metalanguage the object language can be either a language system or partial symbols of the same system.According to their linguistic levels and applied functions,there are three systems:a system of lexical metalanguage,one of interpretative metalanguage,and of semantic metalanguage,based on which the further study can be made on information process metalanguage and cognitive metalanguage.The study of metalanguage system of Modem Chinese is "the analysis project of language gene atlas",and only when the project is finished,can the semantic structure network of Chinese be established,and can "the transplant project of natural language simulation"be accomplished.