试论托尔斯泰创作中的审丑意识

托尔斯泰历来被称为现实主义大师,被当作批判现实主义的顶峰代表人物。其实托尔斯泰的作品之所以魅力无穷,并非仅限于此,与他作品里含有“审丑”成份也不无关系。具体表现为“自然至善”实现过程的反主体性;个体实践自由的非理性和神秘性;主体对自然客体的难以超越性。“审丑”作为20世纪现代美学（或现代感性学）的一个主要特征,从这个意义上说,托尔斯泰应是一个既有别于现实主义,又不同于现代主义的风格独特的学大师。

On the Appreciation of Ugliness in the Works of Tolstoy

Lev Tolstoy is named realist grand master and treated as the greatest representative figure of critical realist.His works are full of charms which depend on the element of "the appreciation of ugliness" in the process of realization of "natural perfection";the irra tionalism and mystique in the freedom of the individual practice;the difficulties for subject to surpass natural object.In this aspect that "the appreciation of ugliness" is the chief character of the morden aesthtic(morden subject of pereception) in the 20th century,Tolstoy is a distinct literature master who is different from those in realism or mordenism.