论美国刑法中强奸罪的若干疑难问题及其启示

美国各州刑法、模范刑法典、刑法理论家所积极探讨的强奸罪疑难问题对我国刑法理论与实践富有启示:强奸罪的犯罪定义应当考虑行为主体与被害人的性别中立,将正态性交与偏离性交置于同等的刑罚等级;正确认定强制行为是把握强奸罪犯罪行为要素的关键,强制分为生理强制与心理强制,生理强制的标准是行为人暴力,被害人反抗,心理强制的标准是“地位悬殊”原则;被告人错误认为被害人同意在某些情况下能够阻却行为人的犯罪意图,但需严格把关,要坚持“真诚并且合理”原则,公正地使用推定。

On Several Knotty Problems and Enlightenment of Offense of Rape of American Criminal Law

Some knotty problems of offense of rape,which is discussed by each of American criminal law,model penal code and theorist's criminal law in a positive way give provide enlightement on the theory of criminal law practice to our country.The criminal definition of offense of rape should consider behavioral object and sexual neutrality of victim,direct and indirect intercourse is placed in the equal penalty grade.To affirm compultive behavior is key to criminal behavioral element of offense of rape.Compulsion is divided into the physioligical compulsion and mental compulsion.The standard of physiological compulsion is the violence of behavioral person,the victim's resistance.The standard of mental compulsion is "position wide gap "principl.The accused person misunderstands that the victim agrees under some circumstances he can prevent the criminal intents of behavioral person,but need to guard strictly,to insist "sincere and reasonable " principle,to use presume fairly.