电子商务与冲突法的变革

电子商务的发展给冲突法带来了冲击和挑战 ,文章通过对美国、欧盟、海牙国际私法会议和OECD有关立法文件的分析 ,指出 :在管辖权上 ,协议管辖和其他一些新的管辖权标准将得以确立 ,管辖权本位主义再度扩张。在连结点上 ,主观性连结点将发挥重要的作用 ,对其限制逐渐减少 ;连结点弹性化倾向将更加明显 ;传统属地性、属人性连结点将继续适用 ,但连结点的含义呈多样化趋势。在冲突规范方面 ,电子商务的冲突法立法将在规则趋向、价值取向和立法基础上发生一些变革。在准据法上 ,电子商务实体法的趋同化和统一化趋势明显 ,电子商务的自治规则将在规范电子商务方面发挥重要作用 ,公法适用的可能性增加。

E-commerce and the Change of Conflict Law

The development of electronic commerce poses new challenges to the traditional theories of the conflict of laws. Through analyses of some legislative documents of America, European Union, Hague Conference on private international law, this article discusses some changes in respective systems of the conflict of laws. As for jurisdiction, contractual jurisdiction and some new jurisdiction standards will be established. Selfish nationalism of jurisdiction will expand further. Concerning connecting factor, subjective connecting factors will play an important role. The limitation of it will reduce gradually. Elastic tendency of connecting factor become distinct. Traditional territorial and personal connecting factors will continuously apply, but the meaning of them will appear diverse. As far as conflict rules are concerned, the legislation of the conflict of laws of electronic commerce will have some innovations on rule tendency, value choice and legislative basis. On applicable law, the convergence and unification trends of substantive laws of electronic commerce appear clear. Self-regulation of electronic commerce will play important roles in regulating electronic commerce. The possibility of application of public law will increase when applicable laws are chosen.