我国侦查形态的演变与展望

从政治与法制的视角观察,可以将我国的侦查形态概括为政治化的侦查形态、政治化向法制化转型的侦查形态和法制化的侦查形态。从属性、工具性、封闭性是政治化侦查形态的主要特征,独立性、公正性、开放性是法制化侦查形态的主要特征,两者的演变就是在侦查的立法、执法、守法三个方面,转变侦查的价值、目的、职能、模式、方法等方面的观念,用法治取代人治、用法律取代政策,保证侦查活动依法有序进行。1949年新中国成立至今的近60年间,以1979年《刑法》和《刑事诉讼法》颁布为界,此前为政治化的侦查形态,此后为政治化向法制化转型的侦查形态;伴随着未来我国司法改革的进程,最终将逐步形成法制化的侦查形态。

Evolvement and Expectation of Investigation Forms in China

From the perspective of politics and law, the investigation forms in China can be generalized as politicalized forms, transitional forms between politicalized and institutionalized forms, and institutionalized forms. Being secondary, instrumental and closed are the main characteristics of politicalized forms of investigation while being independent, just and open are the main characteristics of the institutionalized. The evolvement of the two forms is a historic process which changes the value, aim, function, pattern and methods of investigation, replaces rule of man with rule of law and substitutes policy with law in order to safeguard the investigation work legally and orderly. The period from the foundation of PRC in 1949 to the enactment of criminal law and criminal procedure law in 1979 witnesses the development of politicalized investigation form and the period after 1979 sees the evolvement of transitional forms between politicalized and institutionalized forms. With the development of judicial reform, institutionalized form will be achieved finally.