质疑理性经济人的两个基本涵义：来自实验的证据

现代主流经济学以理性的经济人假设为基石，它所依据的标准理性概念具有内在一致性和效用最大化的双重特征。但目前大量的行为经济学试验却表明，人类在社会互动中体现的理性却与这种假设存在明显的差异：一者，任何个体都不仅仅关注物质利益的最大化，而能够关注社会性需求，这使得他要关注其他人的偏好；二者，任何个体都不仅仅关注一次性行为带来的收益，而是能够综合地考虑长期利益，这使得他更倾向于遵守由历史的经验和教训所形成的规则和习俗。

Oppugning the Two Basic Meanings of Economic-man: Some Evidences from Experiments

Modern mainstream economics takes rational economic man as footstone, and the criteria concept of rationality has dual characteristics: internal consistency and utility maximization. However, lots of behavioral experiments prove that there are significant differences between human rationality in social real interactions and the assumption of economic-man. On one hand, any individual not only cares about the maximization of material interests, but also pays attention to social needs, which makes him pay attention to others’ preferences. On the other hand, any individual not only cares about the benefits from one-off action, but also comprehensively considers long-term interests, which makes him more likely to obey the rules and customs brought by experience and lessons from the history.