儒家思想对世界新人权理论的贡献——从张彭春对《世界人权宣言》订立的贡献出发

<世界人权宣言>是二战后最重要的国际人权文件之一.它超越抽象的"自然权利"人权理论和地域性"基本权利"人权理论,建立了"全球道德共识"人权理论.这一世界新人权理论的确立与中国学者张彭春的贡献密不可分.张彭春作为人权委员会副主席全程参与了<世界人权宣言>的制定.他以儒家思想为依托,提出了反对西方中心、提倡多元、抛弃宗教哲学纷争寻求道德共识、用良心制约理性等诸多人权理论主张.他提出把"仁"这一道德禀赋作为人权的基础,为面临宗教批判、理性批判和权力批判而陷入困境的传统人权话语找到了新的合法性源泉.

On the Contribution of Confucianism to the New Theory of Human Rights

Being the most important international human rights instrument after the Second World War,Universal Declaration of Human Rights has gone beyond the abstract human rights theory of "natural right" and the region-oriented human rights theory of "fundamental rights",thus established a new human rights theory based on global moral consensus.P.C.Chang,a Chinese scholar,had made significant contribution to the shaping of this new human rights theory.Acting as Vice President of Human Rights Commission,P.C.Chang participated in the drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights throughout the whole proceeding.From organizational point of view,he helped the Commission avoid a split by his excellent diplomatic wisdom,and ensured the smooth adoption of the Declaration.From the theoretical point of view,based on Confusion ideology,He put forward many proposals in relation to human rights theory,including opposing Western-countries-centered approach while advocating pluralism,abandoning disputes of religious philosophy while seeking for moral consensus,and using conscience to balance the reason,etc.By advocating "conscience" as the basis of human rights,P.C.Chang found a new source of legality for the traditional human right discourse,which had been bogged down in religious,rational and power criticisms.