Institutional racism in child welfare |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Ciccarone Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;2. Division of Cardiology (Medicine) and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA;3. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA;4. Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai University, New York, New York, USA;5. American College of Cardiology, Washington, DC, USA;6. Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA;7. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA;8. St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA;9. St. Louis Heart and Vascular PC, St. Louis, Missouri, USA;10. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA;1. Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholars Program, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Road, Building #10, Room G016, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;2. Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Medical Professional Building, Room D3202, Box: 5718, 1522 Simpson Road East, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5718, USA;3. Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Montgomery Ross Fisher Building, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0411, USA;1. University of California Riverside, School of Medicine Research Building, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, United States;2. University of California Riverside, Department of Political Science, 900 University Avenue, Watkins 2121E, Riverside, CA 92521, United States;3. Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children''s Hospital of Chicago, 225 East Chicago Avenue, Box 162, Chicago, IL 60611, United States;4. University of California Riverside, Graduate School of Education, 1207 Sproul Hall, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, United States;5. University of California Los Angeles, 200 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 265, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States;1. The Ohio State University College of Social Work, 325B Stillman Hall, 1947 N College Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;2. University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, 325 Pittsboro Street, CB #3550, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;3. University of Kansas School of Social Welfare, 311 Twente Hall, 1545 Lilac Lane, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA;4. National Data Archive for Child Abuse and Neglect (NDACAN), Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA |
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| Abstract: | Three reasons are most often provided to explain the persistent overrepresentation of black children in the child welfare system. One, since black families have more risk factors (unemployment, single-parent families, poverty, etc) that cause them to abuse and neglect their children more than white families, the higher representation of blacks is appropriate. Two, since blacks are more highly concentrated among the poor than whites, blacks are expected to be overrepresented in child welfare due to their lower class status—not because of their race. But this article focuses on a third explanation—institutional racism. This thesis holds that systemic discrimination, which emanates from decision-making processes in child welfare, is a major contributor to the disparate representation of black children.This analysis examines how institutional racism influences the operation of the child welfare system to result in disparate adverse effects on black children and their families. The evolution of blacks in child welfare is viewed from an historical perspective. It assesses the impact of other systems (notably mental health, special education and juvenile justice) on the child welfare system. It examines the extent to which decision-making processes at various stages of child welfare screen in black children and screen out white children. It describes how systemic racism denies vital social and economic supports to kin caregivers who are responsible for their related children. This assessment ends with practice, policy and research recommendations to reduce the overrepresentation of black children in child welfare. |
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